12th BIO-ZOOLOGY
IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
CHAPTER-1. REPRODUCTION IN ORGANISMS
1. Define sexual and asexual reproduction-01 13. Define Conjugation.
2. What is pseudopodiospore-03 14. Phases of Life Cycle.
3. What is strobilation-03 15. Parthenogenesis.
4. What is plasmotomy-04 16. Types of parthenogenesis.
5. Define budding-04
6. Exogenous budding-05
7. Endogenous budding-05
8. Define gemmules-05
9. What is epimorphosis-06
10. Define syngamy-06
11. External and internal fertilization-06
12. Different kinds of syngamy fertilization-06 (5mark).
CHAPTER-2. HUMAN REPRODUTION
1. Four functions of the representative system-11.
2. The major representative events in human being-11
3. Functions of sertoli cells-12
4. Accessory ducts of male reproductive system-13
5. Accessory glands of male reproductive system-13
6. What is epididyms-13
7. Seminal vesicles or vesicles secrete contains-14
8. Define mesovarium-14
9. Define infundibulum-14
10. Define ampulla-15
11. What are the three layers of uterus-15
12. What are the Bartholin’s and skene’s glands-15
13. Gametogenesis and spermatogenesis-16
14. Spermiogenesis-17
15. Spermiation-17
16. Expand: a) GnRH, b)FSH c) LH d)ABP-17
17. What is acrosome-17
18. Do you know box-18
19. Define fertilization-21
20. What is blastomeres-21
21. What is morula-21
22. What is ectopic pregnancy-22
23. What is monozygotic, dizygotic and siamese-22 (box).
24. What are the extra embryonic membranes-23
25. What is placenta-23
26. What is gestation period-23
27. Expand: a) hcG b) hcs c) hPL-23
28. Do you know box-24
CHAPTER-3. REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
1. Need for reproductive health problem strategy-32
2. Female foeticide and infanticide-33
3. What is PCPNDT and POCSO with box-33
4. Birth control methods-34
5. What is lactational amenorrhea-34
6. Tubectomy and vasectomy-35
7. Expand: GnRH, ART, IUI, IVF, ET, ZIFT, GIFT, ISSI and PET-39
8. Surrogacy and Amniocentesis-40
9. Foetoscope-41 with box.
CHAPTER-4. PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE AND VARIATION
1. Multiple allelism-45
2. Human ABO Blood groups-47
3. Fisher and Race hypothesis-47
4. Winner hypothesis-47
5. Y Chromosome -48 (box)
6. Heterogametic male –48
7. Heterogametic female-48
8. Sex determination in human beings-49
9. Box-49
10. Haplodiploidy in honeybees-50
11. Sex linked inheritance-50
12. Haemophilia-50
13. Marriage between colour blind man and normal visioned-51
14. Marriage between normal visioned mam and colour blind women-51
15. What is karyotype-51
16. Application of karyotype-52
17. Pedigree analysis-52
18. What is haplodiploidy?
19. What is lyonisation?
20. What is criss-cross inheritance?
21. What are holandric genes?
22. Sex determination in honeybee.
23. Why are sex linked receive character more common in the males
CHAPTER-5. MOLECULAR GENETICS
1. Define chromosome-59
2. Define locus-59
3. Define-nuclein-59
4. Box-59
5. Genophore-65
6. Nucleosomes -65
7. What is transcription-68
8. Template strand-69
9. Coding strand-69
10. What is intrans, splicing and capping-70
11. Stop and triplet codon-70
12. Wobble hypothesis-71
13. What is operons-78
14. Lac operon-78 (5mark).
15. Transcription in prokaryotes-70
16. Transcription in eukaryotes-71
17. Salient features of human genome project-80
18. DNA fingerprinting technique-81
19. Differentiate between template and coding strand.
20. Three goals of the human genome project.
21. Distinguish betweenstructural, regulatory and operator gene.
22. Why the human genome project is called a mega project.
23. Explain the formation of a nucleosome.
CHAPTER-6. EVOLUTION
1. Theory of spontaneous generation, Big Bang and Biogenesis-90
2. Geological time scale table-91
3. Relative and absolute dating-92
4. Lamarkstheory-96
5. Darwin ‘theory of natural selection-97
6. Objections to Darwinism-97
7. Define mutation theory-98
8. Salient features of mutation theory-98
9. Modern synthetic theory-98
10. Adaptive radiation-99
11. Hardy-weinbergsequilibrium.
12. Darwin’s fitness organisms.
13. Darwin’s finches.
14. Lamarks theory of acquired character.
CHAPTER-7. HUMAN HEALTH AND DISEASES
1. What are the common human disease-108
2. What is communicable disease-108
3. What is pathogens-108
4. What is pathogenic bacteria-108
5. Widaltest-109
6. Bacterial disease table-109
7. Viral disease table-110
8. Viral disease four types-111
9. What is Amoebiasis-111
10. African sleeping sickness-111
11. Life cycle of plasmodium-113
12. Types of malaria-113
13. Acquired immunity and types of acquired immunity-117
14. Difference between active and passive immunity-118
15. What is haematopoiesis-118
16. Structure of lymphoid organ-121
17. Types of antigens-123
18. Structure and function of immunoglobulin-124
19. Types of vaccine-126
20. Define vaccination-126
21. Box-126
22. Drug abuse-130
23. Opioids, Morphine and cannabinoids-130
24. What are interferons and its role?
25. Innate immune system.
26. List the common withdrawal symptoms of drugs and alcohol abuse.
CHAPTER-8. MICROBS IN HUMAN WELFARE
1. Prebiotics and probiotics-139
2. Single cell protein (SCP)
3. Tetracycline, chlortetracycline and streptomycin is isolated from…140
4. Define superbug-140
5. Define antibiotics
6. Zymology-141
7. Oenology-141
8. Page no: 142 – 8.2.3 full read.
9. Bioremediation 143
10. Page no: 144- 8.5.1.
11. Microbial fuel cell with draw-143
12. Industrial alcohol preparation.
13. When does antibiotic resistance develop?
CHAPTER-9. APPLICATION OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
1. Explain recombinant insulin with draw-148
2. Explain recombinant vaccine with draw-150
3. Types of recombinant vaccine-149
4. Interferons-149
5. Stem cell therapy-151
6. Difference between somatic and germ line gene therapy-151
7. Write about Totipotency, Pluripotency, Multipotency, Oligopotency and Unipotency-153
8. Page no: 153- 9.4 fully read.
9. Denaturation-154
10. Steps involved in PCR-155
11. Application of PCR-155
12. What is DNA vaccine?
CHAPTER-10. ORGANISMS AND POPULATIONS
1. Define ecology-163
2. Define habitat-163
3. Bergmann rule, Allen’s rule and Jordons rule-165
4. Eurytherms-165
5. Stenotherms-167
6. What is Phototaxis, Phototropism and Photokinesis-165 (box).
7. What is pedosphere?-166
8. What is Pedogenesis-166
9. Properties of soil-166 (5mark)
10. What is migration-174
11. What is emigration-174
12. What is immigration-175
13. Page no: 176- box.
14. Page no: 177- box.
15. What is acclimatization?
16. What is soil permeability?
17. Difference between natality and mortality.
18. Explain parasitism with example.
CHAPTER-11. BIODIERSITY AND ITS CONSERVATION
1. Define biodiversity-181
2. Three level of biodiversity-182
3. Three types of extinction-193
4. Difference between Insitu and Exsitu conservation-197
5. Hotspots in india.
6. What is endangered species?
7. Habitat loss.
8. List out the various causes for biodiversity losses-189.
9. How can we contribute to promote biodiversity conservation?
10. Write a short note on: I) Protected areas ii) Wildlife sanctuaries iii) WWF
CHAPTER-12. ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
1. Classification of pollutants-202
2. Biomangnification-209
3. Eutrophication-210
4. Waste water treatment-210-11
5. Sources of solid waste-213(box)
6. Disposal methods of radioactive waste-214.
7. E-waste-215
8. Expand: CFC, AQI, and PAN.
9. What is SMOG?
10. Algal Bloom.
11. How can we control eutrophication?
12. Explain: a) Catalytic converter b) Ecosan toilets.
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A. EGANATHAN M.Sc.,M.Phil(Bot).,M.Ed.,M.Phil(Edu).,M.Sc(Psy).,PGDEA., PG. Asst. in Botany, MKS Gopi Krishna Matric. Hr. Sec. School, Kaveripattinam, Kgri. Dt.
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